Key messages

Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 3 South America

The year 2022 was ranked between the 12th and 25th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was -0.04°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (-0.09-0.08°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.51°C (0.39-0.67°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for Caribbean

The year 2022 was ranked between the 15th and 31st highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was -0.02°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (-0.13-0.06°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.50°C (0.20-0.64°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for Mexico

The year 2022 was ranked between the 6th and 15th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was 0.23°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.12-0.34°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.94°C (0.60-1.07°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for Central America

The year 2022 was ranked between the 10th and 15th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was 0.09°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.03-0.16°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.55°C (0.49-0.61°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Dataset and processing details

WMO RA III South America

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: WMO_RA_III_South_America_data_files.zip
Checksum: ebdf1247db3897b81965f5b4607351ef Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:31']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:05']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:20']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:48']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:22']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:42']

Caribbean

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Caribbean_data_files.zip
Checksum: c1e5b7dbfe2ebb98d5d2ba72f381c7b3 Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:53']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:11']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:35']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:11']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:31']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:41:01']

Mexico

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Mexico_data_files.zip
Checksum: 412d8b6ce9156e2e37b82127aa07f106 Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:55']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:12']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:36']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:13']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:32']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:41:03']

Central America

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Central_America_data_files.zip
Checksum: 196a24024a27acdeee9016456c8f2a7d Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:57']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:12']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:38']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:15']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:33']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:41:04']

Continental trends

Global mean temperature is based on measurements made at weather stations over land and by ships and buoys over the ocean. Temperatures are typically expressed as anomalies which are temperature differences from the average for a standard period. Here, 1850-1900 is used for the global mean. Instrumental temperature records are some of the longest climate records available, with some series extending back to the 17th century.

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Continental_trends_data_files.zip
Checksum: 27934adcb079b55ce2c38908c00767f7 Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469–3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_complete.txt'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Land_and_Ocean_complete.txt'] at ['2022-09-01 09:15:05']
• Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999– 2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• Data set created from file ['ts_1month_anomaly_Global_ERA5_2T_202207_1991-2020_v01.csv'] downloaded from ['https://climate.copernicus.eu/sites/default/files/ftp-data/temperature/2022/07/ERA5_1991-2020/ts_1month_anomaly_Global_ERA5_2T_202207_1991-2020_v01.csv'] at ['2022-09-01 09:15:16']
• Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-09-01 09:16:10 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• Data set created from file ['GLB.Ts+dSST.csv'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v4/GLB.Ts+dSST.csv'] at ['2022-09-01 09:16:10']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link) Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-09-01 09:16:14 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.summary_series.global.monthly.csv', 'HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.summary_series.global.annual.csv'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.summary_series.global.monthly.csv', 'https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.summary_series.global.annual.csv'] at ['2022-09-01 09:16:14', '2022-09-01 09:16:14']
• Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• Data set created from file ['JRA-55_tmp2m_global_ts_Clim8110.txt'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-07-19 10:34:00']
• Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-09-01 09:16:36].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• Data set created from file ['aravg.ann.land_ocean.90S.90N.v5.0.0.202207.asc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/timeseries/aravg.ann.land_ocean.90S.90N.v5.0.0.202207.asc'] at ['2022-09-01 09:16:36']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:27']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:04']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:17']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:45']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:21']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:39']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:29']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:05']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:18']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:46']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:22']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:40']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:31']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:05']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:20']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:48']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:22']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:42']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:32']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:06']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:21']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:50']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:23']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:43']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:34']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:06']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:22']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:52']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:24']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:45']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:36']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:07']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:23']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:54']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:25']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:46']

Regional trends LAC

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Regional_trends_LAC_data_files.zip
Checksum: 69df71a0532af8ecf842043469609f27 Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:53']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:11']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:35']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:11']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:31']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:41:01']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:55']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:12']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:36']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:13']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:32']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:41:03']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:57']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:12']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:38']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:15']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:33']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:41:04']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:31']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:05']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:20']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:48']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:22']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:42']

Region definitions

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Region_definitions_data_files.zip
Checksum: 76cdb2bad9582d23c1f6f4d868218d6c Copy
Format: BADC CSV format