Regional Temperature Indicators

Annual Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 1 Africa (°C, difference from the 1991-2020 average) from 1900-2022. Data are from the following six data sets: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, NOAAGlobalTemp.

WMO RA I Africa

Image: png-pdf-svg
Formatted data: csv (format)
References and processing

Annual Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 2 Asia (°C, difference from the 1991-2020 average) from 1900-2022. Data are from the following six data sets: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, NOAAGlobalTemp.

WMO RA II Asia

Image: png-pdf-svg
Formatted data: csv (format)
References and processing

Annual Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 3 South America (°C, difference from the 1991-2020 average) from 1900-2022. Data are from the following six data sets: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, NOAAGlobalTemp.

WMO RA III South America

Image: png-pdf-svg
Formatted data: csv (format)
References and processing

Annual Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 4 North America (°C, difference from the 1991-2020 average) from 1900-2022. Data are from the following six data sets: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, NOAAGlobalTemp.

WMO RA IV North America

Image: png-pdf-svg
Formatted data: csv (format)
References and processing

Annual Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 5 South-West Pacific (°C, difference from the 1991-2020 average) from 1900-2022. Data are from the following six data sets: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, NOAAGlobalTemp.

WMO RA V Southwest Pacific

Image: png-pdf-svg
Formatted data: csv (format)
References and processing

Annual Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 6 Europe (°C, difference from the 1991-2020 average) from 1900-2022. Data are from the following six data sets: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, NOAAGlobalTemp.

WMO RA VI Europe

Image: png-pdf-svg
Formatted data: csv (format)
References and processing

Key messages

Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 1 Africa

The year 2022 was ranked between the 9th and 16th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was 0.16°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.06-0.28°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.84°C (0.74-0.91°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 2 Asia

The year 2022 was ranked between the 2nd and 3rd highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was 0.72°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.63-0.77°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 1.67°C (1.60-1.70°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 3 South America

The year 2022 was ranked between the 12th and 25th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was -0.04°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (-0.09-0.08°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.51°C (0.39-0.67°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 4 North America

The year 2022 was ranked between the 14th and 16th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was 0.14°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.10-0.19°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 1.00°C (0.94-1.07°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 5 South-West Pacific

The year 2022 was ranked between the 12th and 28th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was 0.00°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (-0.13-0.10°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.50°C (0.21-0.64°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 6 Europe

The year 2022 was ranked between the 2nd and 4th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was 0.79°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.70-0.91°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-55, and NOAAGlobalTemp. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 1.81°C (1.73-1.92°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Dataset and processing details

WMO RA I Africa

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: WMO_RA_I_Africa_data_files.zip 
Checksum: 18e310c01392561bece64b6b6a152f97  
Format: BADC CSV format
 

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_Berkeley Earth.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:27']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_ERA5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:04']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_GISTEMP.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:17']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_HadCRUT5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:45']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_JRA-55.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:21']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:39']

WMO RA II Asia

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: WMO_RA_II_Asia_data_files.zip 
Checksum: 52169447f6c21c8b403d8d77ee194c42  
Format: BADC CSV format
 

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_Berkeley Earth.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:29']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_ERA5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:05']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_GISTEMP.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:18']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_HadCRUT5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:46']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_JRA-55.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:22']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:40']

WMO RA III South America

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: WMO_RA_III_South_America_data_files.zip 
Checksum: d2bdc2b2c0aab8aa3c019830a6f1c3b4  
Format: BADC CSV format
 

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:31']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:05']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:20']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:48']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:22']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:42']

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: WMO_RA_IV_North_America_data_files.zip 
Checksum: 395a691a7fcba8a277cd3b7154af04a5  
Format: BADC CSV format
 

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_Berkeley Earth.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:32']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_ERA5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:06']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_GISTEMP.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:21']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_HadCRUT5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:50']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_JRA-55.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:23']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:43']

WMO RA IV North America

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: WMO_RA_IV_North_America_data_files.zip 
Checksum: 395a691a7fcba8a277cd3b7154af04a5  
Format: BADC CSV format
 

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_Berkeley Earth.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:32']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_ERA5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:06']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_GISTEMP.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:21']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_HadCRUT5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:50']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_JRA-55.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:23']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:43']

WMO RA V Southwest Pacific

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: WMO_RA_V_Southwest_Pacific_data_files.zip 
Checksum: b93481db2dfc12bfa77dde7747619c84  
Format: BADC CSV format
 

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_Berkeley Earth.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:34']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_ERA5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:06']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_GISTEMP.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:22']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_HadCRUT5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:52']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_JRA-55.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:24']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:45']

WMO RA VI Europe

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: WMO_RA_VI_Europe_data_files.zip 
Checksum: 6da3dba8741be99d884d1af3df05a744  
Format: BADC CSV format
 

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:17:44']"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_Berkeley Earth.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:38:36']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2023.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_ERA5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:07']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2023-02-02 09:18:24 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:24']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_GISTEMP.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:23']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2023-02-02 09:18:25 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2023, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:25']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_HadCRUT5.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:39:54']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202301_202312', 'anl_surf125.2023MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2023-01-09 09:22:14']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_JRA-55.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:25']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2023-02-02 09:18:32].

To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:

  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2023-02-02 09:18:32']"
  • "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
  • "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
  • "Calculated area-average"
  • "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
  • "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
  • "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
  • Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2023-02-02 18:40:46']