Key messages

Regional mean temperature for WMO RA 3 South America

The year 2022 was ranked between the 14th and 26th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was -0.06°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (-0.12-0.03°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth (to Nov 2022), ERA5 (to Nov 2022), GISTEMP (to Nov 2022), HadCRUT5 (to Oct 2022), JRA-55 (to Nov 2022), and NOAAGlobalTemp (to Nov 2022). Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.46°C (0.37-0.58°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for Mexico

The year 2022 was ranked between the 8th and 12th highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was 0.21°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.12-0.36°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth (to Nov 2022), ERA5 (to Nov 2022), GISTEMP (to Nov 2022), HadCRUT5 (to Oct 2022), JRA-55 (to Nov 2022), and NOAAGlobalTemp (to Nov 2022). Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.89°C (0.66-1.05°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Regional mean temperature for Central Africa

The year 2022 was ranked between the 9th and 23rd highest on record. The mean value for 2022 was 0.14°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (-0.04-0.37°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth (to Nov 2022), ERA5 (to Nov 2022), GISTEMP (to Nov 2022), HadCRUT5 (to Oct 2022), JRA-55 (to Nov 2022), and NOAAGlobalTemp (to Nov 2022). Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2022 was 0.75°C (0.58-0.91°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.

Dataset details

WMO RA III South America

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: WMO_RA_III_South_America_data_files.zip
Checksum: 21f3bb7e3c52ee29ac2743e8a49ff2c3 Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:22']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:52']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:05']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:28']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:57']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:14']

Mexico

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Mexico_data_files.zip
Checksum: 63e5d34418f1be54bd478b0f5a9dec93 Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:44']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:58']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:18']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:49']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:05']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:31']

Caribbean

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Caribbean_data_files.zip
Checksum: e10f3d6152776b3328281b4721fcb82e Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:46']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:58']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:19']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:51']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:06']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:33']

Continental trends

Global mean temperature is based on measurements made at weather stations over land and by ships and buoys over the ocean. Temperatures are typically expressed as anomalies which are temperature differences from the average for a standard period. Here, 1850-1900 is used for the global mean. Instrumental temperature records are some of the longest climate records available, with some series extending back to the 17th century.

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Continental_trends_data_files.zip
Checksum: 60ba5bbd7642f8e3cd2bb9bf9dc68230 Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469–3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_complete.txt'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Land_and_Ocean_complete.txt'] at ['2022-09-01 09:15:05']
• Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999– 2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• Data set created from file ['ts_1month_anomaly_Global_ERA5_2T_202207_1991-2020_v01.csv'] downloaded from ['https://climate.copernicus.eu/sites/default/files/ftp-data/temperature/2022/07/ERA5_1991-2020/ts_1month_anomaly_Global_ERA5_2T_202207_1991-2020_v01.csv'] at ['2022-09-01 09:15:16']
• Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-09-01 09:16:10 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• Data set created from file ['GLB.Ts+dSST.csv'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v4/GLB.Ts+dSST.csv'] at ['2022-09-01 09:16:10']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link) Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-09-01 09:16:14 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.summary_series.global.monthly.csv', 'HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.summary_series.global.annual.csv'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.summary_series.global.monthly.csv', 'https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.summary_series.global.annual.csv'] at ['2022-09-01 09:16:14', '2022-09-01 09:16:14']
• Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• Data set created from file ['JRA-55_tmp2m_global_ts_Clim8110.txt'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-07-19 10:34:00']
• Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-09-01 09:16:36].

Processing:

• Data set created from file ['aravg.ann.land_ocean.90S.90N.v5.0.0.202207.asc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/timeseries/aravg.ann.land_ocean.90S.90N.v5.0.0.202207.asc'] at ['2022-09-01 09:16:36']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:18']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:51']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:02']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:24']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:55']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_1_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_1_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:11']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:20']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:52']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:03']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:26']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:56']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:12']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:22']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:52']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:05']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:28']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:57']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:14']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:25']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:53']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:06']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:30']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:58']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_4_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:15']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:27']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:53']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:07']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:32']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:59']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_5_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:17']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:29']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:54']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:08']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:34']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:59']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_6_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_6_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:18']

Regional trends

The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.

Data file: Regional_trends_data_files.zip
Checksum: 4dfe4a84f1c49319948a7ffd4070c224 Copy
Format: BADC CSV format

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:44']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:58']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:18']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:49']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:05']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_2_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:31']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:46']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:58']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:19']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:51']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:06']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file lac_subregion_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['lac_subregion_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:33']

Berkeley Earth

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Rohde, R. A. and Hausfather, Z.: The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3469-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3469-2020, 2020.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] downloaded from ['http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/auto/Global/Gridded/Land_and_Ocean_LatLong1.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:22:59']"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_Berkeley Earth.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:22']

ERA5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Hersbach H, Bell B, Berrisford P et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146: 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.

Processing:

• "Gridded dataset created from file ['era5_2m_tas_2022.nc'] downloaded from ['']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_ERA5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:51:52']

GISTEMP

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.

Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2022-12-16 09:24:19 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] downloaded from ['https://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/gistemp/gistemp1200_GHCNv4_ERSSTv5.nc.gz'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_GISTEMP.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:05']

HadCRUT5

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Winn, J. P., Hogan, E., Killick, R. E., et al. (2021). An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2019JD032361. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032361.

Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.1.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2022-12-16 09:24:19 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2022, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/current/analysis/HadCRUT.5.0.1.0.analysis.anomalies.ensemble_mean.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:19']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_HadCRUT5.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:28']

JRA-55

Original data file (external link)

Citation: Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H. and Miyaoka, K., (2015). The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 93(1), pp.5-48..

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['anl_surf125.011_tmp.202201_202212', 'anl_surf125.2022MMMM'] downloaded from ['', ''] at ['2022-12-16 08:42:20']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_JRA-55.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:52:57']

NOAAGlobalTemp

Original data file (external link)

Citations: Huang, B., M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. Schreck, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Uncertainty estimates for sea surface temperature and land surface air temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp version 5. , J. Climate, 33, 1351-1379, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1. Zhang, Huai-Min, Jay H. Lawrimore, Boyin Huang, Matthew J. Menne, Xungang Yin, Ahira Sȧnchez-Lugo, Byron E. Gleason, Russell Vose, Derek Arndt, J. Jared Rennie, and Claude N. Williams. (2019) Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends. Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO128229.

Data citation: Zhang, H.-M., B. Huang, J. Lawrimore, M. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 5 [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/9qth-2p70 Accessed [2022-12-16 09:24:29].

Processing:

• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Data set created from file ['NOAAGlobalTemp_v*.nc'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/noaa-global-surface-temperature/v5/access/gridded/NOAAGlobalTemp_v.*.nc'] at ['2022-12-16 09:24:29']"
• "Regridded to 1 degree latitude-longitude resolution"
• "Rebaselined to 1991-2020"
• "Calculated area-average"
• "Calculated annual average from monthly averages using arithmetic mean"
• "Selected years within the range 1900 to 2022."
• "Wrote to file wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv"
• Data set created from file ['wmo_ra_3_NOAAGlobalTemp.csv'] downloaded from [''] at ['2022-12-16 17:53:14']